VI. Types of Wine
There are many varieties of wine. Due to the different conditions of grape cultivation and wine production process, there are different styles of products. Usually, wines are classified according to their color, sugar content, carbon dioxide content and winemaking method. In foreign countries, it is also classified according to the name of the place of origin and raw materials. The specific classification is as follows.
(i) By color
1. White wine: made from white grapes or grapes with red skin and white flesh. The color of the wine is light yellow, green, almost colorless or light yellow, straw yellow, golden yellow. All dark yellow, earthy yellow, brown or maroon do not meet the color requirements of white wine.
2. Red wine: made from red-skinned white flesh grapes or red-skinned red flesh grapes fermented with a mixture of grape skins and grape juice. This wine is a natural deep ruby red, wine ruby red, purple or garnet red. Yellowish brown, brownish brown or earthy brown colors do not meet the color requirements for red wine.
3. Pink wine: made from colored red grapes fermented on the skins or fermented separately. The wine has a light red, peach, orange or rose color. Any color that is too dark or too bright does not meet the requirements for a pink wine. The wine should be fresh and fruity, and should not be too high in tannins. Rose grapes, Pinot Noir, Carignan, and French Blue are all suitable for making pink wines.
(b) Classification by sugar content
1. Dry wine: less than 4g/l of sugar, not sweet. It has a clean, elegant, harmonious fruit and wine aroma.
2、Semi-dry wine: 4~12g/l of sugar, slightly sweet, with a fresh, elegant and round taste, and a harmonious and pleasant fruit and wine aroma.
3、Semi-sweet wine: sugar content 12~50g/l, with sweet and pleasant fruit aroma.
4、Sweet wine: the sugar content is more than 50g/l, with sweet, mellow, comfortable and smooth taste, and harmonious fruit and wine aroma. At present, Tongtian Wines occupies the high-end market of sweet wines.
(iii) Classification by carbon dioxide or not
Still wines: Wines that do not contain self-fermentation or artificially added CO2 are called still wines, or still wines.
Sparkling and Sparkling wines: Wines that contain a certain amount of CO2 gas can be classified into two categories.
1. Sparkling wines: The carbon dioxide contained is produced by the fermentation of wine and sugar. The sparkling wines produced in the Champagne region of France are known as Champagne and are well known throughout the world. According to international practice, similar products produced in other regions should not be called Champagne, but are usually referred to as sparkling wine.
2. Sparkling wine: The artificial addition of carbon dioxide to wine is called sparkling wine. Due to the effect of carbon dioxide, the wine has a fresh, pleasant and pleasant flavor.
(iv) Classification by grape source
1. Domestic wine: Wine made from artificially cultivated grape varieties. The product is directly named after the wine. Most domestic wine makers mainly produce domestic wines.
Mountain wines: Wines made from wild grapes. The product is named mountain wine or wine.
(V) Classification by winemaking method
1. Natural wine: The raw material of grapes is used for fermentation. No sugar or alcohol is added during the fermentation process. The method of increasing the sugar content of the raw material is chosen to increase the alcohol content of the finished product and to control the residual sugar content.
2. Fortified wine: After fermentation into the original wine, brandy or deodorized alcohol is added to increase the alcohol content, called fortified dry wine. It is called fortified liqueur, adding brandy or alcohol as well as sugar to increase the alcohol content and sugar content. In that it is called strong liqueur.
3、Flavored wine: It is an aperitif such as vermouth, clove wine, cinnamon Chanjo, etc. Aromatic plants are soaked in wine and mixed. Or the herbs are soaked in wine and carefully blended to make a tonic wine, such as ginseng wine.
4、Grape distilled wine: distilled from the original wine of good varieties of grapes, or distilled from the grape skin residue after fermentation and pressing, or distilled from the grape skin residue separated from the grape juice separator after fermentation with sugar water. Generally, it is called brandy when it has been carefully blended, while wine is not blended.
Full juice wines are made from 100% grape juice and are represented by dry red and dry white wines. This is 100% pure wine.
Semi-juice wines. Semi-juice wines contain between 50% and 80% grape juice and are mainly mixed with grape juice and additives, alcohol and water. Although there is a market for semi-juice wines, they do not have a place in the international market.
